Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men and how have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we only have some solutions. We know there are biological, behavioral as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than males, it isn’t clear how much each one contributes.
In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men and not previously, is to do with the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.
This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half each year.
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In countries with high incomes, the advantage of women in longevity was smaller
We will now examine how the advantage of women in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart shows the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two areas stand out.
First, there is an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور (please click the following website) women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest however, it has increased significantly during the last century.
You can check if these points are also applicable to other countries with data by selecting the “Change country” option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.